ss命令用于显示socket状态. 他可以显示PACKET sockets, TCP sockets, UDP sockets, DCCP sockets, RAW sockets, Unix domain sockets等等统计. 它比其他工具展示等多tcp和state信息. 它是一个非常实用、快速、有效的跟踪IP连接和sockets的新工具.SS命令可以提供如下信息:
所有的TCP sockets 所有的UDP sockets 所有ssh/ftp/ttp/https持久连接 所有连接到Xserver的本地进程 使用state(例如:connected, synchronized, SYN-RECV, SYN-SENT,TIME-WAIT)、地址、端口过滤 所有的state FIN-WAIT-1 tcpsocket连接以及更多很多流行的Linux发行版都支持ss以及很多监控工具使用ss命令.熟悉这个工具有助于您更好的发现与解决系统性能问题.本人强烈建议使用ss命令替代netstat部分命令,例如netsat -ant/lnt等.
展示他之前来做个对比,统计服务器并发连接数
netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100 real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204 real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s结果很明显ss统计并发连接数效率完胜netstat,在ss能搞定的情况下, 你还会在选择netstat吗, 还在犹豫吗, 看以下例子,或者跳转到帮助页面.
常用ss命令:
ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口 ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt ss -o state established ( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp ) 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接 ss -o state established ( dport = :http or sport = :http ) 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接 ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程 ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息:显示sockets简要信息,列出当前已经连接,关闭,等待的tcp连接
# ss -s Total: 3519 (kernel 3691) TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452 Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 – – RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0列出当前监听端口
# ss -lRecv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 10 :::5989 :::* 0 5 *:rsync *:* 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* 0 511 *:http *:* 0 128 :::ssh :::* 0 128 *:ssh *:* 0 128 :::35766 :::* 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* 0 511 *:https *:* 0 100 :::1311 :::* 0 5 *:5666 *:* 0 128 *:3044 *:*ss列出每个进程名及其监听的端口
# ss -plss列所有的tcp sockets
# ss -t -ass列出所有udp sockets
# ss -u -ass列出所有http连接中的连接
# ss -o state established ( dport = :http or sport = :http )·以上包含对外提供的80,以及访问外部的80
·用以上命令完美的替代netstat获取http并发连接数,监控中常用到
ss列出本地哪个进程连接到x server
# ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*ss列出处在FIN-WAIT-1状态的http、https连接
# ss -o state fin-wait-1 ( sport = :http or sport = :https )ss常用的state状态:
established syn-sent syn-recv fin-wait-1 fin-wait-2 time-wait closed close-wait last-ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv. big : Opposite to bucket state.ss使用IP地址筛选
ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src:表示来源 ADDRESS_PATTERN:表示地址规则 如下: ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接 # 列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接 ss src 120.33.31.1:http ss src 120.33.31.1:8ss使用端口筛选
ss dport OP PORT OP:是运算符 PORT:表示端口 dport:表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sportOP运算符如下:
<= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于 == or eq : 等于 != or ne : 不等于端口 <or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口OP实例
ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80 ss dport = :http ss dport \> :1024 ss sport \> :1024 ss sport \<:32000 ss sport eq :22 ss dport != :22 ss state connected sport = :http ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24为什么ss比netstat快:
netstat是遍历/proc下面每个PID目录,ss直接读/proc/net下面的统计信息。所以ss执行的时候消耗资源以及消耗的时间都比netstat少很多
ss命令帮助
# ss -h Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, –help this message -V, –version output version information -n, –numeric dont resolve service names -r, –resolve resolve host names -a, –all display all sockets -l, –listening display listening sockets -o, –options show timer information -e, –extended show detailed socket information -m, –memory show socket memory usage -p, –processes show process using socket -i, –info show internal TCP information -s, –summary show socket usage summary -4, –ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets -6, –ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets -0, –packet display PACKET sockets -t, –tcp display only TCP sockets -u, –udp display only UDP sockets -d, –dccp display only DCCP sockets -w, –raw display only RAW sockets -x, –unix display only Unix domain sockets -f, –family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY -A, –query=QUERY, –socket=QUERY QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY] -D, –diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE -F, –filter=FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]原文链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hKqsczBzk4y2KYxAH5RZvg