小知识：linux中运维自动化之Cobbler 系统安装使用详解

cobbler的简介

cobbler是Redhat支持的一个开源项目，用来部署和安装系统。所以对Redhat系列os支持是比较好的。不过对ubuntu支持是非常差的。cobbler里不少设置，只针对redhat有效，同时也由于不同发行版的安装是有差异。cobbler感觉好像和ubuntu关系比较紧张.

cobbler不仅仅是一个pxe服务器，他还可以管理dns（bind），dhcp。一般数据中心里或者生产环境,是不允许dhcp,但是pxe,必须需要dhcp,所以我们需要根据mac地址来分配IP,这样dhcp就不会影响到网络.

1、安装cobbler

提前配置好epel源http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/i386/

[root@60sec /]# yum -y install cobbler

[root@60sec /]# service httpd start

Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

[root@60sec /]# service cobblerd start

Starting cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]

2、执行cobbler check命令检查存的问题，而后逐一按提示解决之  

[root@60sec /]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

next_server: 192.168.83.137

server: 192.168.83.137

manage_tftpd: 0

[root@60sec /]# yum -y install syslinux

[root@60sec /]# chkconfig rsync on

[root@60sec /]# yum -y install pykickstart

[root@60sec /]# openssl passwd -1 -salt openssl rand -hex 4

Password: 

$1$openssl $.oduSwbhLj6jqAwVsLo/H1

[root@60sec /]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: “penssl $.oduSwbhLj6jqAwVsLo/H1”

[root@60sec /]# cd /usr/share/syslinux/

[root@60sec syslinux]# cp -r ./* /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

3、安装dhcp服务

[root@60sec /]# yum -y install dhcp

[root@60sec /]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

[root@60sec /]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 

option domain-name “60sec.com”;

option domain-name-servers 192.168.83.137;

default-lease-time 43300;

max-lease-time 86500;

subnet 192.168.83.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

  range 192.168.83.50 192.168.83.100;

  option routers 192.168.83.137;

}

next-server 192.168.83.137;

filename=”pxelinux.0″;

[root@60sec /]# service dhcpd start

Starting dhcpd:                                            [  OK  ]

4、开启tftp服务

[root@60sec /]# chkconfig tftp on

[root@60sec /]# service xinetd start

Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

5、定义distro，挂载光盘并导入

[root@60sec /]# mount -r /dev/cdrom /media/

[root@60sec /]# cobbler import  –name=centos-6.5-x86_64  –path=/media

6、如果有kickstart文件，使用“–kickstart=/path/to/kickstart_file”进行导入，也可使用以下命令检测，

可以使用system-config-kickstart进行制作kickstart文件。cobbler的ks 文件默认都放在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/下面 可以根据不同的需求定制ks文件。

[root@60sec mnt]# ksvalidator centos6.x86_64.cfg

7、设置profile，profile可以理解为按安装需求进行分类。

[root@60sec mnt]# cobbler profile add –name=CenTos-6.5-x86_64-basic –distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 –kickstart=/mnt/centos6.x86_64.cfg 

[root@60sec mnt]# cobbler profile list

   CenTos-6.5-x86_64-basic

   Centos-6.5-x86_64

[root@60sec mnt]# cobbler sync

[root@60sec mnt]# service cobblerd restart

可修改相关信息

[root@60sec mnt]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

8、重新创建虚拟机测试