dockerfile 是用来构建docker镜像的文件！命令参数脚本！
构建步骤：
编写一个dockerfile 文件 docker build 构建成一个镜像 docker run 运行镜像 docker push 发布镜像（DockerHub、阿里云镜像仓库）
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
# 以contes为例 查看 dockerhub 上 contes 的 dockerfile
FROM scratch
ADD centos-7-x86_64-docker.tar.xz /
LABEL \
org.label-schema.schema-version=”1.0″ \
org.label-schema.name=”CentOS Base Image” \
org.label-schema.vendor=”CentOS” \
org.label-schema.license=”GPLv2″ \
org.label-schema.build-date=”20200809″ \
org.opencontainers.image.title=”CentOS Base Image” \
org.opencontainers.image.vendor=”CentOS” \
org.opencontainers.image.licenses=”GPL-2.0-only” \
org.opencontainers.image.created=”2020-08-09 00:00:00+01:00″
CMD [“/bin/bash”]
DockerFile构建过程
基础知识：
每个保留关键字（指令）都必须是大写字母 执行顺序从上到下顺序执行 表示注释 每个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层，并提交
dockerfile是面向开发的，我们以后要发布项目，做镜像，就需要编写dockerfile文件，这个文件十分简单！
Docker镜像逐渐成为企业交付的标准！
DockerFile：构建镜像，定义了一切的步骤，源代码；
DockerImages：通过DockerFile构建生成的一个镜像，这个镜像就是我们最终发布和运行的产品！
Docker容器：容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务！
DockerFile的指令
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
FROM # 基础镜像
MAINTAINER # 镜像是谁写的 姓名 + 邮箱
RUN # 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD # 步骤 eg:tomcat镜像—》放入tomcat的压缩包！添加内容
WORKDIR # 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME # 挂载的目录位置
EXPOST # 暴露端口配置
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD # 当构建一个被继承的 DockerFile ，这个时候就会运行 ONBUILD 的指令，触发指令
COPY # 类似ADD，将我们的文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV # 构建的时候设置环境变量
实战测试
Docker Hub 中 99% 的镜像都是从 FROM scratch 这个基础镜像过来的 ，然后配置我们需要的软件和配置来进行构建
创建一个自己的centos
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
# 1、编写DockerFile的文件
FROM centos
# 作者信息
MAINTAINER yinxiaodong<m15010969094@163.com>
# 配置环境变量
ENV MYPATH /user/local
# 指定镜像的工作目录
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum install -y vim
RUN yum install -y net-tools
# 暴露80端口
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo “———end——–“
CMD /bin/bash
# 2、通过文件构建镜像
# 命令 docker build -f dockerfile文件路径 -t 镜像名:版本号 .
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/9 : FROM centos
—> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/9 : MAINTAINER yinxiaodong<m15010969094@163.com>
—> Running in f79b12ffb083
Removing intermediate container f79b12ffb083
—> 8ee53d3f7a65
Step 3/9 : ENV MYPATH /user/local
—> Running in 659a2c96d5f7
Removing intermediate container 659a2c96d5f7
—> 59ab131ef44c
Step 4/9 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
—> Running in 0b4b8f9c65bb
Removing intermediate container 0b4b8f9c65bb
—> 408b06671488
Step 5/9 : RUN yum install -y net-tools
—> Running in 151f81148a87
CentOS-8 – AppStream 118 kB/s | 5.8 MB 00:50
CentOS-8 – Base 218 kB/s | 2.2 MB 00:10
CentOS-8 – Extras 1.8 kB/s | 7.3 kB 00:04
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8 BaseOS 323 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 323 k
Installed size: 1.0 M
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm 219 kB/s | 323 kB 00:01
——————————————————————————–
Total 66 kB/s | 323 kB 00:04
warning: /var/cache/dnf/BaseOS-f6a80ba95cf937f2/packages/net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 – Base 162 kB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid : “CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>”
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 151f81148a87
—> c0a0546c9b2a
Step 6/9 : EXPOSE 80
—> Running in 42000936515d
Removing intermediate container 42000936515d
—> fe68114ecf3f
Step 7/9 : CMD echo $MYPATH
—> Running in c393fc53a354
Removing intermediate container c393fc53a354
—> a6924276bf90
Step 8/9 : CMD echo “———end——–“
—> Running in 5994de56f0a1
Removing intermediate container 5994de56f0a1
—> a8ba0ebb3770
Step 9/9 : CMD /bin/bash
—> Running in d1fa2d436363
Removing intermediate container d1fa2d436363
—> 41bb76be4884
Successfully built 41bb76be4884
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mycentos 0.1 41bb76be4884 7 seconds ago 246MB
centos 1.0 d840628c30a9 6 hours ago 215MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 2 days ago 215MB
# 启动 mycentos 使用 ifconfig 命令查看ip信息
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it mycentos:0.1
[root@494c2bc72263 local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6 bytes 516 (516.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# 查看所在目录 /user/local 正是我们在dockerfile中指定的目录
[root@494c2bc72263 local]# pwd
/user/local
查看镜像的构建历史记录
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
# 命令 docker history 镜像id
[root@localhost ~]# docker history 41bb76be4884
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
41bb76be4884 16 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh” “-c” “/bin… 0B
a8ba0ebb3770 16 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh” “-c” “echo… 0B
a6924276bf90 16 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh” “-c” “echo… 0B
fe68114ecf3f 16 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
c0a0546c9b2a 16 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum install -y net-tools 31.3MB
408b06671488 17 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /user/local 0B
59ab131ef44c 17 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYPATH=/user/local 0B
8ee53d3f7a65 17 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER yinxiaodong<m1… 0B
0d120b6ccaa8 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/bash”] 0B
<missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
<missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:538afc0c5c964ce0d… 215MB
我们平时拿到一个镜像，可以研究一下它是怎么做的—->docker history 镜像id
CMD 和 ENTRYPOINT 的区别
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
# 测试 CMD
# 编写DockerFile的文件
[root@localhost dockerfile]# cat dockerfile-cmd-test
FROM centos
CMD [“ls”,”-a”]
# 根据 DockerFile 构建镜像
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-test -t testcmd:0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
—> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/2 : CMD [“ls”,”-a”]
—> Running in b3f8ba72222b
Removing intermediate container b3f8ba72222b
—> 561e47f88730
Successfully built 561e47f88730
Successfully tagged testcmd:0.1 # 构建成功
# 查看镜像
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
testcmd 0.1 561e47f88730 6 seconds ago 215MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 2 days ago 215MB
# 启动镜像 发现ls -a命令生效
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it testcmd:0.1
. .dockerenv dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
.. bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
# 启动命令中 追加一个 -l, 我们期望的是 ls -a -l,但是 报错，这里将 ls -a 替换成了 -l，最终的命令是 -l 所以报错。
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it 561e47f88730 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused “exec: \”-l\”: executable file not found in $PATH”: unknown.
# 将启动命令替换成 docker run -it testcmd:0.1 ls -al， 成功打印详细信息;
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it testcmd:0.1 ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 13 08:20 .
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 13 08:20 ..
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Aug 13 08:20 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Aug 13 08:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Aug 13 08:20 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 11 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx——. 2 root root 6 Aug 9 21:40 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 123 root root 0 Aug 13 08:20 proc
dr-xr-x—. 2 root root 162 Aug 9 21:40 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 163 Aug 9 21:40 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 11 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Aug 11 09:58 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 145 Aug 9 21:40 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Aug 9 21:40 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 262 Aug 9 21:40 var
# 测试二：现在我们把 DockerFile 中 CMD 替换成 ENTRYPOINT 后重新构建，运行 看看结果
[root@localhost dockerfile]# cat dockerfile-cmd-test
FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT [“ls”,”-a”]
# 重新构建镜像
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker build -f dockerfile-cmd-test -t testcmd:0.2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
—> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT [“ls”,”-a”]
—> Running in c634ca09fabe
Removing intermediate container c634ca09fabe
—> 52d295395f08
Successfully built 52d295395f08
Successfully tagged testcmd:0.2
# 查看镜像
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
testcmd 0.2 52d295395f08 7 seconds ago 215MB
testcmd 0.1 561e47f88730 12 minutes ago 215MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 2 days ago 215MB
# 运行testcmd：0.2镜像 并追加 -l ,发现 打印出了详细信息
[root@localhost dockerfile]# docker run -it testcmd:0.2 -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 13 08:17 .
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6 Aug 13 08:17 ..
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Aug 13 08:17 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Aug 13 08:17 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Aug 13 08:17 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 May 11 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx——. 2 root root 6 Aug 9 21:40 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 121 root root 0 Aug 13 08:17 proc
dr-xr-x—. 2 root root 162 Aug 9 21:40 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 163 Aug 9 21:40 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 May 11 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 11 2019 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Aug 11 09:58 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 145 Aug 9 21:40 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Aug 9 21:40 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 262 Aug 9 21:40 var
DockerFile中很多命令都十分相似，我们需要了解他的区别，最好的学习就是对比进行测试查看效果！
实战:Tomcat镜像
1、准备镜像文件 tomcat压缩包 jdk压缩包
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.43.tar.gz Dockerfile jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz read.txt2、编写dockerfile文件, 官方命名Dockerfile，build会自动寻找这个文件，不需要 -f 指定！
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
# 引入基础
FROM centos
# 作者信息
MAINTAINER yinxiaodoong<m15010969094@163.com>
# copy文件read.txt到容器的 /usr/local/read.txt 目录下
COPY read.txt /usr/local/read.txt
# 添加jdk tomcat —> 自动解压
ADD jdk-8u211-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.43.tar.gz /usr/local/
# 安装 vim 命令
RUN yum install -y vim
# 配置 MYPATH
ENV MYPATH /usr/local/
# 指定 进入容器默认路径 /user/local/
WORKDIR $MYPATH
# 配置jdk环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_211
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jat:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
# 配置tomcat环境变量
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
# 暴露8080端口
EXPOSE 8080
# /usr/local/tomcat/webapps#
# 启动容器时 启动tomcat
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/bin/startup.sh && tail -f /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/logs/catalina.out
# 构建tomcat镜像
[root@localhost tomcat]# docker build -t mytomcat
[root@localhost tomcat]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mytomcat latest a9707559afa1 8 seconds ago 693MB
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 4 days ago 215MB
[root@localhost tomcat]# docker run -d -p 8081:8080 –name mytomcat–01 -v /home/yinxiaodong/build/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/webapps/test -v /home/yinxiaodong/build/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.43/logs mytomcat
发布自己的镜像
发布到 dockerHub
地址 https://hub.docker.com/ 注册自己的账号
确定自己的账号可以登录
在我们的服务器上提交
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
[root@localhost logs]# docker login –help
Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
Log in to a Docker registry.
If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.
Options:
-p, –password string Password
–password-stdin Take the password from stdin
-u, –username string Username
[root@localhost logs]#
[root@localhost logs]# docker login -u xxx -p xxx
WARNING! Using –password via the CLI is insecure. Use –password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
登录完毕后就可以提交镜像了
[root@localhost logs]# docker push xxx/mytomcat:1.0
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/yinxd/p/13512663.html
声明： 猿站网有关资源均来自网络搜集与网友提供，任何涉及商业盈利目的的均不得使用，否则产生的一切后果将由您自己承担！ 本平台资源仅供个人学习交流、测试使用 所有内容请在下载后24小时内删除，制止非法恶意传播，不对任何下载或转载者造成的危害负任何法律责任！也请大家支持、购置正版！ 。本站一律禁止以任何方式发布或转载任何违法的相关信息访客发现请向站长举报，会员发帖仅代表会员个人观点，并不代表本站赞同其观点和对其真实性负责。本网站的资源部分来源于网络，如有侵权烦请发送邮件至：2697268773@qq.com进行处理。